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Part II · The Architecture — Chapter 4
The Eight
Patterns
Learn these and you can build a session in any gym, hotel or kitchen on earth, with whatever is in front of you.
Most people learn exercises. They learn the bench press, the leg press, the lat pulldown — and their training becomes a list of machines. Take the machines away and the training stops. That's why a business trip derails people for a fortnight.
Train patterns instead of exercises and the problem disappears. There are eight of them. Every worthwhile movement in any gym is a variation on one of the eight, which means the question stops being what machine is free and becomes which pattern am I training, and what's here that does it.
This is the one chapter worth reading in order. Everything after it — the templates, the movement menu, the whole programme — assumes you think this way.
The index
Squat
Knee
Hinge
Hip
Vertical push
Overhead
Horizontal push
Forward
Vertical pull
Down
Horizontal pull
Back
Carry
Trunk
Locomotion
Ground
Eight patterns. Four levels of equipment. One question: which pattern, and what's here that does it.
Squat
Knee-dominant · Bilateral or split
Sit down and stand up under load. It builds the quads and glutes, and it's the pattern that decides whether you get out of a low chair unaided at seventy. If you sit at a desk for nine hours, this is the one your body has quietly stopped practising.
Tier 0
Nothing
Bodyweight squat
Split squat
Step-up
Wall sit
Tier 1
Minimal
Goblet squat
Bulgarian split squat
Dumbbell step-up
Tier 2
Home gym
Back squat
Front squat
Box squat
Tier 3
Full gym
Hack squat
Leg press
Pendulum squat
▲ Get this one coached. The back squat under a loaded bar is the single lift where self-teaching goes wrong most expensively. Two or three sessions with a coach, roughly €50–70 each in Ireland, and you have it for life. Until then, goblet squat.
Hinge
Hip-dominant · Posterior chain
Push your hips back, keep your spine where it is, stand back up. The hinge is not a squat with a straight back — the movement happens at the hip, not the knee. It trains the hamstrings, glutes and the whole back line, and it is the difference between picking up a suitcase safely and spending a week on the floor.
Demo — Romanian deadlift
Video embeds here. Replace this block with the Vimeo or YouTube iframe.
Common fault
Bending at the waist with the knees locked and the back rounding — turning a hip movement into a spinal one. You'll feel it in the lower back rather than the hamstrings.
What it should be
Soft knees, hips travelling backwards, chest coming down as a consequence. Tension arrives in the back of the thighs. The spine holds its shape throughout.
Tier 0
Nothing
Hip hinge drill
Single-leg RDL
Glute bridge
Nordic curl
Tier 1
Minimal
Kettlebell deadlift
Kettlebell swing
Dumbbell RDL
Tier 2
Home gym
Conventional deadlift
Romanian deadlift
Trap bar deadlift
Tier 3
Full gym
Hip thrust
Back extension
Cable pull-through
▲ Get this one coached. The deadlift and the kettlebell swing both reward good instruction enormously and punish bad habits slowly, which is the dangerous combination. The trap bar is the forgiving way in.
Vertical push
Shoulder · Overhead
Press something from your shoulders to over your head. It builds the shoulders and triceps, and it's the honest test of whether you still have overhead range — most desk-bound people don't, and don't know it until they try.
Tier 0
Nothing
Pike push-up
Wall walk
Handstand hold
Tier 1
Minimal
Dumbbell press
Kettlebell press
Banded press
Tier 2
Home gym
Overhead press
Push press
Z press
Tier 3
Full gym
Machine shoulder press
Landmine press
Smith press
Horizontal push
Chest · Forward
Push something away from your chest. Chest, front shoulder, triceps. The most trained pattern in every gym in the world and, for most people, the most over-trained relative to the pull that should balance it.
Tier 0
Nothing
Push-up
Incline push-up
Deficit push-up
Dip
Tier 1
Minimal
Floor press
Dumbbell bench
Banded press
Tier 2
Home gym
Bench press
Incline bench
Close-grip bench
Tier 3
Full gym
Chest press machine
Cable fly
Pec deck
Vertical pull
Lat · Overhead to chest
Pull something from above down towards you, or pull yourself up to it. Lats, biceps, upper back. Along with the horizontal pull, this is the pattern that undoes the shape a desk puts on you.
Tier 0
Nothing
Doorway row
Towel pull-down
Under-table row
Tier 1
Minimal
Band pull-down
Suspension row
Bar pull-up
Tier 2
Home gym
Pull-up
Chin-up
Weighted pull-up
Tier 3
Full gym
Lat pulldown
Assisted pull-up
Straight-arm pulldown
Horizontal pull
Mid-back · Rearward
Pull something towards your torso. Mid-back, rear shoulder, biceps. If you do one thing for the way you carry yourself, make it this, and do more of it than you do pressing.
Tier 0
Nothing
Inverted row
Table row
Prone Y-T-W
Tier 1
Minimal
Dumbbell row
Kettlebell row
Band row
Tier 2
Home gym
Barbell row
Pendlay row
Chest-supported row
Tier 3
Full gym
Seated cable row
T-bar row
Machine row
Carry & anti-rotation
Trunk · Resisting movement
Hold something heavy and don't let it move you. This is what the trunk is actually for — not producing movement, but refusing it. It's the most neglected pattern in the eight and the one that transfers most directly to carrying luggage through an airport without your back complaining.
Tier 0
Nothing
Plank
Side plank
Dead bug
Bird dog
Tier 1
Minimal
Farmer's carry
Suitcase carry
Waiter's walk
Tier 2
Home gym
Front rack carry
Sandbag carry
Yoke walk
Tier 3
Full gym
Pallof press
Cable chop
Ab wheel
Locomotion
Whole body · Covering ground
Move yourself from one place to another under your own power. Walking, running, rowing, cycling, rucking, skipping. It's the pattern the other seven exist to support, and the one that most affects how you feel at 3pm on a Wednesday.
Tier 0
Nothing
Walking
Running
Stairs
Skipping
Tier 1
Minimal
Rucking
Weighted carry walk
Sled drag
Tier 2
Home gym
Rower
Assault bike
Turbo trainer
Tier 3
Full gym
Treadmill
Stepmill
Ski erg
What to do with this
You don't train all eight every session. The templates in Part III distribute them across the days you have — two days a week covers all eight; six days lets you weight them towards whatever you're chasing.
What you should take from this chapter is the habit of asking one question before you start: which patterns is this session covering, and what's in this room that does them? Once that question is automatic, no gym, hotel or travel schedule can stop you training.
Hard Way Fitness
Chapter 4 of 48

